![]() Russia wants a buffer zone to NATO and is therefore against an eastward expansion of the military pact. The perspective of Ukraine and the West is diametrically opposed to this: Ukraine has every right to exist as its own sovereign state-and does not have to let Russia dictate whether it can become a NATO member.īy analyzing the needs behind the positions. According to the Russian leadership, the Ukrainian state is an artificial entity, and the territory should really belong to Russia anyway. The basic questions are the same: What are the interests of the actors involved? What positions do they hold? Of course, the points of view differ greatly. Does diplomacy work differently in times of war? Instead we are currently in a phase of escalation. This diplomacy, in terms of prevention, failed in the run-up to the war in Ukraine. In the 1980s and 1990s, there were still numerous disarmament talks and negotiations on how the different needs could go together. But NATO’s dealings with Russia in recent years have also failed. On the one hand, we are witnessing strong aggression from the Russian side. But the international system that is supposed to enable diplomatic work is clearly no longer functioning. Yet we actually have institutions with precisely this goal: OSCE, the U.N. At the moment, there is a lot of talk about warfare-and very little about peace solutions. We have hardly seen wars of aggression against another country since the end of World War II in Europe, with the exception of the Bosnian War. What makes the current war in Ukraine different?įor many decades, there have tended to be internal conflicts. You have experienced some violent conflicts during your professional career. Paffenholz talked with Spektrum der Wissenschaft, the German-language edition of Scientific American, about new ways to think about peacekeeping. She is executive director of Inclusive Peace, a think tank that accompanies peace processes worldwide. Thania Paffenholz is an expert in international relations, based in Switzerland and Kenya, who conducts research on sustainable peace processes and advises institutions such as the United Nations, the European Union and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). But how exactly do such negotiations work? What contributes to the success of diplomatic talks-and what causes them to fail? While Russian troops are forming around Ukraine’s capital Kyiv, government representatives are simultaneously struggling to find a peaceful solution to the conflict. For three weeks, Ukraine has been engulfed in a war of aggression.
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